Glossary
Amino acids:
The building blocks of protein in the body. There are nine
essential amino acids that are not manufactured by the body and must come from
the diet.
Anabolism:
Refers the cumulative metabolic intracellular, molecular
processes by which every cell repairs itself and grows.(synthesizing).
Anorexia:
A common eating disorder characterized by an abnormal loss
of the appetite for food
antioxidants
Compounds that protect against cell damage inflicted by
molecules called oxygen-free radicals, which are a major cause of disease and
aging.
Bulimia Nervosa:
Eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by an
intentional purging.
Catabolism:
The opposite of Anabolism. The metabolic process that breaks
down molecules into smaller units. It is made up of degradative chemical
reactions in the living cell.
Cirrhosis of the liver:
An irreversible advanced scarring of the liver as a result
of chronic inflammation of the liver. Can be caused by alcoholism or obesity.
Complete Proteins:
Proteins that contain ample amounts of all of the essential
amino acids
Deamination:
When an amino acid group breaks off an amino acid that makes
a molecule of ammonia and keto acid.
Diverticulosis:
A diet low in dietary fiber increases the risk, this is the
pouches called diverticula formation on the outer portion of the large
intestine.
Gastric Bypass Surgery:
An operation where a small gastric pouch is created and the
remainder of the stomach bypassed
Incomplete Proteins:
Proteins that contain some but not all of all of the
essential amino acids required by the body
Ipecac:
A drug used to induce vomiting
Kwashiorkor:
A childhood form of malnutrition caused by general lack of
protein or deficiency in one or more amino acids. Appearance of a person with
this is a swollen belly due to inadequate production of albumin, which causes
the blood to have a lower osmotic pressure, resulting in more fluids escaping
from the plasma.
Marasmus:
malnutrition cause by a lack of kcalorie intake. Appearance
of a person with this is a skeletal one.
Malnutrition
An imbalanced nutrient and or energy intake.
Obesity:
A condition in which the natural energy reserve in fatty
tissue increased to a point where it is thought to be a risk factor for certain
health conditions or increased mortality
Peptide:
Two or more amino acids linked together by a bond called a
peptide bond.
Polypeptide:
A string of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. A
protein is an example of a polypeptide.
Starvation:
A severe reduction in vitamin, nutrient, and energy intake,
and is the most extreme form of malnutrition
